America's Supply Chains

The order directs six cabinet departments to produce supply chain risk reports in two waves. In the first wave, within 100 days, the Secretaries of Commerce, Energy, Defense, and Health and Human Services must each submit a focused risk assessment — covering, respectively, semiconductor manufacturing and advanced packaging, high-capacity batteries (including electric-vehicle batteries), critical minerals and rare earth elements, and pharmaceuticals and active pharmaceutical ingredients. In the second wave, within one year, the Secretaries of Defense, Health and Human Services, Commerce, Homeland Security, Energy, Transportation, and Agriculture must submit broader sectoral assessments covering defense, public health, information and communications technology, energy, transportation, and agricultural supply chains.

The order does not itself change any supply chain policy, impose any requirement on industry, or redirect any funding. All operative directives point inward at federal agencies producing analyses. The APNSA and APEP coordinate the process, compile the reports for the President, and — after the one-year reports are submitted — produce a final general review recommending possible reforms, including whether a permanent quadrennial supply chain review should be established.

Federal cabinet departments directed to produce reports — principally Commerce, Defense, Energy, HHS, Homeland Security, Transportation, and Agriculture. Outside stakeholders in industry, academia, labor unions, and state, local, and Tribal governments are to be consulted but are not bound by the order.

The order sets the analytical groundwork for future supply chain policy. Industries in semiconductor manufacturing, battery production, pharmaceutical supply, critical minerals, and other sectors may eventually face new federal requirements or incentives, but only after the reports are submitted and acted upon.

The APNSA and APEP serve as coordinators and gatekeepers: agency reports flow through them before reaching the President. Each report must be submitted in unclassified form but may carry a classified annex. APNSA and APEP add a cover memo summarizing findings across all 100-day reports. After the one-year sectoral reports are complete, APNSA and APEP produce a separate general review with broad reform recommendations, including whether a standing quadrennial supply chain review should be created. The order has no enforcement mechanism of its own — compliance depends on the interagency coordination process established by National Security Memorandum 2.