Executive Order 14078 · Signed Jul 19, 2022

87 FR 43389 · Published Jul 21, 2022 · Effective on signing

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Bolstering Efforts To Bring Hostages and Wrongfully Detained United States Nationals Home

hostage recoverywrongful detentionnational emergencyforeign policy sanctionsnational security

Signed by President Joseph R. Biden Jr.

The order declares a national emergency over hostage-taking and wrongful detention of U.S. nationals abroad, invoking emergency economic powers to immediately block U.S.-held assets of foreign persons responsible for or complicit in such conduct and suspend their entry into the United States.

It also formalizes interagency coordination on wrongful detention cases — extending mechanisms previously used for non-state hostage situations to cover state-sponsored detentions — and directs the Secretary of State to publicly or privately identify foreign government officials involved in wrongful detentions.

What this order does

What it orders

The order declares a national emergency, determining that hostage-taking and wrongful detention of U.S. nationals abroad constitute an unusual and extraordinary threat to national security. It immediately blocks all U.S.-held property and interests of designated foreign persons who are responsible for, complicit in, or materially support such conduct, and suspends their entry into the United States. The Secretary of State is directed to designate or identify foreign government officials involved in wrongful detentions. The Treasury Secretary is authorized to promulgate implementing rules and use all IEEPA powers to carry out the order.

The order also reinforces and expands the roles of the Hostage Response Group, the Hostage Recovery Fusion Cell, and the Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs — extending their interagency coordination, family engagement, and diplomatic functions to cover wrongful detention by foreign state actors in addition to non-state hostage-taking. It does not alter the underlying scope of Executive Order 13698 or Presidential Policy Directive 30, which continue to govern non-state hostage recovery activities.

Who it affects

Foreign persons and entities who take or support the taking of U.S. nationals as hostages or who wrongfully detain U.S. nationals abroad face immediate asset blocking and U.S. entry bans. U.S. nationals wrongfully detained abroad and their families gain formal government support, coordinated communications, and reintegration assistance upon return.

Why it matters

Foreign actors who wrongfully detain Americans now face concrete financial consequences — frozen U.S.-held assets and travel bans — without prior notice. American families dealing with a loved one's detention gain a single coordinated government point of contact, consistent information, and defined support through release and repatriation.

What must happen and when

How the order is supposed to work

The order runs on two parallel tracks. On the diplomatic-coordination track, the Hostage Response Group convenes regularly to develop and recommend strategies, the Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs manages case diplomacy and family engagement, and updates flow up through the Deputies Committee to the President. On the sanctions track, the Secretary of State designates direct actors and the Treasury Secretary designates material supporters; once designated, U.S.-held assets are immediately frozen with no prior-notice requirement. Treasury is authorized to write implementing regulations, and recurring reports to Congress are required under IEEPA and the National Emergencies Act.

Actions and deadlines

  • Convene the Hostage Response Group regularly to coordinate hostage and wrongful detention case strategies and optionsNo deadline specified
  • Secretary of State to identify adequate resources enabling the Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs to support wrongfully detained nationals and their familiesNo deadline specified
  • Secretary of State to designate or identify foreign government officials involved in wrongful detentionsNo deadline specified
  • Secretary of the Treasury to promulgate rules and regulations to implement the IEEPA sanctions authorities in this orderNo deadline specified
  • Secretary of the Treasury to submit recurring and final reports to Congress on the declared national emergencyNo deadline specified

Agencies directed to act

Department of StateDepartment of the TreasuryDepartment of JusticeDepartment of Homeland SecurityDepartment of Health and Human ServicesOffice of the Director of National Intelligence

Authority and reach

Authorities cited

Robert Levinson Hostage Recovery and Hostage-taking Accountability Act

Federal law governing U.S. government efforts to recover Americans held hostage or wrongfully detained abroad.

International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA)

Statute granting the President broad economic powers, including asset-blocking, to address national emergencies with foreign ties.

National Emergencies Act

Statute that structures how the President declares and maintains national emergencies, including reporting to Congress.

Immigration and Nationality Act, section 212(f)

Provision allowing the President to suspend entry of noncitizens whose admission would be detrimental to U.S. interests.

3 U.S.C. § 301

Statute authorizing the President to delegate functions to executive branch officers.

Executive Order

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Executive Order 14078: Bolstering Efforts To Bring Hostages and Wrongfully Detained United States Nationals Home | EO Reporter