Executive Order 14102 · Signed Jul 13, 2023

88 FR 45807 · Published Jul 18, 2023 · Effective on signing

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Ordering the Selected Reserve and Certain Members of the Individual Ready Reserve of the Armed Forces to Active Duty

military readinessreserve forcesEuropean securitytroop deployment

Signed by President Joseph R. Biden Jr.

The order authorizes the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of Homeland Security to call up to 3,000 Selected Reserve and Individual Ready Reserve members to active duty to support Operation Atlantic Resolve in Europe.

Reserves the President's determination that augmenting active forces is necessary for the operation, setting a firm cap on total call-ups and a sub-cap of 450 Individual Ready Reserve members at any one time.

What this order does

What it orders

The order directs the Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of Homeland Security for Coast Guard forces not operating under the Navy, to call reserve component service members to active duty to support Operation Atlantic Resolve within the U.S. European Command's area of responsibility. It authorizes activation of units of the Selected Reserve and individual members of the Individual Ready Reserve mobilization category who are designated as essential — up to 3,000 total members at any one time, with no more than 450 drawn from the Individual Ready Reserve. Both secretaries are also authorized to terminate the service of those called up once no longer needed.

The order does not create any legal right or benefit enforceable by any party against the United States, its agencies, officers, or employees.

Who it affects

Units and individual members of the Selected Reserve and Individual Ready Reserve mobilization category across all military branches, as well as Coast Guard reservists, who may be ordered to active duty for Operation Atlantic Resolve in and around the European Command area of responsibility.

Why it matters

Reserve service members designated as essential — up to 3,000 at a time — can be involuntarily called to active duty, potentially disrupting their civilian careers and personal lives. The call-up supplements the existing active force posture in Europe without requiring a broader mobilization.

What must happen and when

How the order is supposed to work

The two secretaries exercise activation authority independently within their respective jurisdictions, subject to the caps set in the order. No additional trigger or congressional notification process is specified in the order text itself. The secretaries also hold termination authority, meaning the activation lifecycle — call-up through release — is managed within the executive branch. The 3,000-member ceiling is a rolling cap on concurrent activations, not a lifetime total.

Actions and deadlines

  • Order eligible Selected Reserve units and Individual Ready Reserve members to active duty as deemed necessary, not exceeding 3,000 total at any one timeNo deadline specified
  • Terminate active duty service of called-up units and members when no longer neededNo deadline specified

Agencies directed to act

Department of DefenseDepartment of Homeland Security

Authority and reach

Authorities cited

Article II

Constitutional grant of executive power to the President, including as Commander in Chief.

10 U.S.C. § 121

Grants the President authority to prescribe regulations necessary to carry out laws governing the armed forces.

10 U.S.C. § 12304

Authorizes the President to order Selected Reserve and certain Individual Ready Reserve members to active duty without declaring a national emergency.

Executive Order

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Executive Order 14102: Ordering the Selected Reserve and Certain Members of the Individual Ready Reserve of the Armed Forces to Active Duty | EO Reporter