Executive Order 14120 · Signed Mar 18, 2024

89 FR 20095 · Published Mar 21, 2024 · Effective on signing

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Advancing Women's Health Research and Innovation

women's healthbiomedical researchfederal grantshealth disparitiesclinical trials

Signed by President Joseph R. Biden Jr.

The order directs federal agencies to integrate women's health research across the federal funding portfolio, strengthen research and data standards, prioritize grants targeting women's health gaps, and launch a dedicated scientific assessment of menopause.

It formalizes and expands the White House Initiative on Women's Health Research, requiring agencies to report funding gaps and recommend new investments — a structural push to close decades of underrepresentation of women in biomedical research.

What this order does

What it orders

The order directs six agency Members of the Initiative — including the Departments of Defense, Agriculture, Health and Human Services, and Veterans Affairs, the EPA, and the National Science Foundation — to develop or strengthen research and data standards that embed women's health into all relevant federally funded research. It requires agencies to update grant application materials and reporting requirements, improve recruitment of women into clinical trials, identify and prioritize funding opportunities for women's health, and invest in innovation mechanisms including prizes, challenges, and small-business programs. It also directs HHS to consider AI's impact on women's health research and instructs the Directors of OMB and the Gender Policy Council to identify funding gaps and submit recommendations to the President.

Within 90 days, HHS must launch a comprehensive scientific assessment of menopause and develop new public-facing resources on the topic. The Departments of Defense and VA must evaluate midlife health needs of women service members and veterans. An interagency subgroup must be established within 30 days. Agencies must report on data standards implementation within 90 days, and provide a full status report to the President within 180 days, with annual reporting thereafter. The order does not itself change any regulation, allocate new appropriations, or mandate any specific research outcome; all operative impacts depend on agency follow-through and future budget decisions.

Who it affects

Federal agencies directing and funding biomedical research, including NIH, DoD, VA, USDA, EPA, and NSF; researchers and institutions applying for federal grants; women participants in clinical trials; and women patients who may benefit from improved evidence-based treatments and diagnostics.

Why it matters

Researchers seeking federal funding may face new requirements to explain how their studies address women's health. Women enrolled in clinical trials may see improved recruitment standards and retention support. Future diagnostics and treatments could be better validated across women's biology, potentially closing longstanding gaps in preventive care and disease management.

What must happen and when

How the order is supposed to work

Implementation runs in three overlapping tracks: a 30-day subgroup formation, a 90-day reporting sprint by agencies on data standards and midlife health assessments, and a 180-day funding-gap analysis led by OMB and the Gender Policy Council. Each track feeds the next — agency reports inform OMB's gap analysis, which produces Presidential recommendations. After that, annual reporting to OMB closes the loop. Enforcement relies on reporting obligations rather than penalties; OMB's annual budget consultations provide the primary lever for accountability.

Actions and deadlines

  • Establish and co-chair an interagency subgroup to align research and data standards across agenciesWithin 30 days of signing
  • Agency Members report to the Chair of the Initiative on actions taken to strengthen research and data standardsWithin 90 days of signing
  • HHS launches comprehensive scientific assessment of menopause and develops evidence-based research agendaWithin 90 days of signing
  • HHS evaluates evidence-based interventions to improve women's menopausal and perimenopausal experiencesWithin 90 days of signing
  • HHS considers developing new common data elements and survey tools for women's midlife health dataWithin 90 days of signing
  • HHS develops comprehensive public resources on menopause research, findings, and treatment optionsWithin 90 days of signing
  • Departments of Defense and VA evaluate midlife health needs of women service members and veterans and develop recommendationsWithin 90 days of signing
  • OMB and Gender Policy Council Directors develop guidance for assessing agency funding gaps in women's health researchWithin 90 days of signing
  • Agency Members report to OMB and Gender Policy Council Directors identifying funding needed to catalyze women's health researchWithin 180 days of signing
  • Agency Members report to the President on status of implementation of research and data standardsWithin 180 days of signing
  • OMB and Gender Policy Council Directors submit funding gap recommendations to the PresidentNo deadline specified
  • Agency Members report annually to the President on implementation of research and data standardsAnnually after initial 180-day report
  • OMB provides annual summary of agency progress and new recommendations to the PresidentAnnually

Agencies directed to act

Department of DefenseDepartment of AgricultureDepartment of Health and Human ServicesDepartment of Veterans AffairsEnvironmental Protection AgencyNational Science FoundationOffice of Management and BudgetGender Policy CouncilNational Institutes of Health

Authority and reach

Authorities cited

Article II

Constitutional grant of executive power to the President.

NIH Revitalization Act of 1993

Law directing NIH to include women and people of color in federally funded clinical research.

21st Century Cures Act

2016 law directing NIH to strengthen women's health research, trial inclusion, and data analysis.

Executive Order

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Executive Order 14120: Advancing Women's Health Research and Innovation | EO Reporter