Executive Order 14181 · Signed Jan 24, 2025

90 FR 8747 · Published Jan 31, 2025 · Effective on signing

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Emergency Measures To Provide Water Resources in California and Improve Disaster Response in Certain Areas

wildfire responsewater managementdisaster reliefCalifornia federal relationsemergency management

Signed by President Donald Trump

The order directs multiple cabinet secretaries to ensure adequate water resources in Southern California — including overriding conflicting state and local water management practices — and to expedite disaster relief for Los Angeles wildfire survivors and North Carolina Hurricane Helene survivors.

It represents a direct federal assertion of authority over California's Central Valley water delivery system, directing the Bureau of Reclamation to maximize water supply to high-need communities notwithstanding state agency interference, while threatening a review of federal funding tied to California's disaster management practices.

What this order does

What it orders

The order directs the Secretaries of Defense, Interior, Commerce, Agriculture, Homeland Security, and the Attorney General to take all available measures to ensure adequate water resources in Southern California, including operating the Central Valley Project (CVP) to maximize water deliveries notwithstanding contrary state or local laws. It directs the Bureau of Reclamation to prevent California state agencies from interfering with federal water operations, expedite an Endangered Species Act exemption for the CVP's long-term operation, and review or rescind regulations that unduly burden water delivery. It further requires OMB to review whether California is complying with terms of existing federal grants and to recommend whether future federal funding should be conditioned on sound disaster practices.

For Los Angeles wildfire survivors, the order requires a debris removal plan within 5 days, a federal housing strategy, and an immediate plan to unlock the city's $213 million in unused FEMA preparedness grants — while directing the Attorney General to investigate any misuse of those funds. For North Carolina Hurricane Helene survivors, it directs expedited road clearance (including a closed section of Interstate 40) and a parallel housing assistance strategy.

Who it affects

Southern California communities facing water shortages and wildfire risk; Los Angeles wildfire survivors needing debris removal, housing, and preparedness funding; North Carolina communities still rebuilding from Hurricane Helene; California state water agencies whose operations may be overridden; and federal agencies directed to act across all these fronts.

Why it matters

Communities in Southern California could see increased water supplies for firefighting and daily use as federal agencies move to override state restrictions on the Central Valley Project. LA wildfire victims may receive faster debris removal and housing options. North Carolina residents still cut off by closed roads or displaced by Hurricane Helene could see accelerated federal assistance.

What must happen and when

How the order is supposed to work

The order operates on staggered timelines: debris removal planning must begin within 5 days; secretaries must report on water authorities within 15 days; designated agency officials must identify regulatory hurdles and propose remedies within 30 days; and Interior, Agriculture, and Commerce must jointly report on California land and water policies within 30 days. OMB then recommends whether to condition or withdraw federal grant funding. The Bureau of Reclamation is directed to act immediately to maximize CVP deliveries, with authority to issue a new Record of Decision and block state agency interference. Enforcement levers include grant conditionality and the Attorney General's investigation of preparedness-grant misuse.

Actions and deadlines

  • Develop and execute a plan to expedite bulk removal of contaminated and general debris in Los AngelesWithin 5 days of signing
  • All relevant secretaries report on available authorities to ensure adequate water resources in Southern CaliforniaWithin 15 days of signing
  • Designated officials identify regulatory hurdles burdening each major California water project and develop proposed remedial plansWithin 30 days of signing
  • Secretaries of Interior, Agriculture, and Commerce jointly report on California policies inconsistent with sound disaster prevention and responseWithin 30 days of signing
  • Secretary of Interior and Commerce immediately override activities that unduly burden water delivery maximizationNo deadline specified
  • Bureau of Reclamation issue a new Record of Decision to maximize CVP water deliveries consistent with the 2020 Record of DecisionNo deadline specified
  • Secretary of Interior expedite ESA exemption action for long-term operation of the CVP and State Water ProjectNo deadline specified
  • Secretary of Interior review, revise, or rescind regulations burdening ESA Section 7 consultation proceduresNo deadline specified
  • OMB Director recommend action regarding California's compliance with federal grant and financial assistance termsNo deadline specified
  • HUD and FEMA provide an Integrated Federal Housing Strategy for Los Angeles wildfire survivorsNo deadline specified
  • FEMA implement a plan to unlock the City of Los Angeles's $213 million in unused federal preparedness grantsNo deadline specified
  • Attorney General investigate potential misuse of FEMA preparedness grants by the City of Los AngelesNo deadline specified
  • Secretary of Transportation, FEMA, and SBA expedite roadway clearance and repair in North Carolina Hurricane Helene-affected areasNo deadline specified
  • HUD and FEMA provide an Integrated Federal Housing Strategy for North Carolina Hurricane Helene survivorsNo deadline specified

Agencies directed to act

Department of DefenseDepartment of JusticeDepartment of Homeland SecurityDepartment of CommerceDepartment of the InteriorDepartment of AgricultureOffice of Management and BudgetDepartment of Housing and Urban DevelopmentEnvironmental Protection AgencyDepartment of TransportationSmall Business AdministrationFederal Emergency Management AgencyBureau of Reclamation

Authority and reach

Authorities cited

Article II

Constitutional grant of executive power to the President.

Endangered Species Act

Federal law protecting threatened and endangered species; Section 7 requires federal agencies to consult before acting.

National Environmental Policy Act

Federal law requiring agencies to assess environmental impacts before major federal actions.

Executive Order

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Executive Order 14181: Emergency Measures To Provide Water Resources in California and Improve Disaster Response in Certain Areas | EO Reporter