Executive Order 14191 · Signed Jan 29, 2025

90 FR 8859 · Published Feb 3, 2025 · Effective on signing

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Expanding Educational Freedom and Opportunity for Families

education policyschool choicefederal education fundingmilitary familiesNative American education

Signed by President Donald Trump

The order directs five Cabinet secretaries to develop plans and guidance for using existing federal funds — including education formula grants, childcare block grants, and Defense Department dollars — to expand K-12 school choice for American families.

Requires results are action plans and guidance documents rather than direct changes to law; actual expansion of school choice depends on future agency decisions and, in some cases, congressional appropriations.

What this order does

What it orders

The order directs the Secretary of Education to issue guidance within 60 days on how states can use federal formula funds for K-12 educational choice, and within 90 days to submit a plan with the Secretary of Labor on using discretionary grant programs to expand education freedom. It directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services to issue guidance within 90 days on whether states can use child and family block grants — including the Child Care and Development Block Grant — to support families choosing private or faith-based educational options. It also directs the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of the Interior to each review available funding mechanisms that would allow military-connected families and families of Bureau of Indian Education-eligible students, respectively, to direct federal funds to schools of their choice.

The order does not itself redirect any federal funding, create any new school-choice program, or change any regulation. Each directive calls for a guidance document or action plan; the actual expansion of educational choice depends on future agency rulemaking, guidance issuance, and appropriations availability. A general-provisions section explicitly states the order creates no enforceable rights.

Who it affects

K-12 families across the country — particularly low-income families relying on childcare block grants, military-connected families, and families of students eligible for Bureau of Indian Education schools — as well as state education agencies that administer federal formula funds and private and faith-based schools that could become eligible recipients.

Why it matters

Families who want to use federal education dollars at private, charter, or faith-based schools could gain new pathways if the resulting guidance and plans are implemented. States and agencies would need to act on the plans before any individual family sees a change in available funding choices.

What must happen and when

How the order is supposed to work

Each agency operates on its own track: the Secretary of Education moves first with formula-fund guidance at 60 days, then five agencies report or issue guidance at 90 days, with plans routed through the Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy. No single coordinating body is established. Enforcement depends entirely on agency compliance with the deadlines; the order contains a standard appropriations-availability caveat and an explicit no-private-right-of-action clause, limiting outside pressure on agencies to act.

Actions and deadlines

  • Issue guidance on how states can use federal formula funds to support K-12 educational choice initiativesWithin 60 days of signing
  • Review discretionary grant programs and submit a plan to the President on expanding education freedomWithin 90 days of signing
  • Secretary of Labor reviews discretionary grant programs and submits a plan to the President on expanding education freedomWithin 90 days of signing
  • Issue guidance on whether and how states can use child and family block grants to expand educational choice, including private and faith-based optionsWithin 90 days of signing
  • Review available mechanisms for military families to use Defense Department funds for schools of their choice and submit a plan to the PresidentWithin 90 days of signing
  • Review available mechanisms for Bureau of Indian Education-eligible families to use federal funding for school choice and submit a plan to the PresidentWithin 90 days of signing

Agencies directed to act

Department of EducationDepartment of LaborDepartment of Health and Human ServicesDepartment of DefenseDepartment of the Interior

Authority and reach

Authorities cited

Article II

Constitutional grant of executive power to the President.

Executive Order

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Executive Order 14191: Expanding Educational Freedom and Opportunity for Families | EO Reporter