Executive Order 14223 · Signed Mar 1, 2025

90 FR 11359 · Published Mar 6, 2025 · Effective on signing

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Addressing the Threat to National Security From Imports of Timber, Lumber, and Their Derivative Products

trade policylumber and wood productsnational securitytariffsdomestic manufacturing

Signed by President Donald Trump

The order directs the Secretary of Commerce to open a formal national-security investigation into imports of timber, lumber, and derivative products under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act, and to submit findings and recommendations to the President within 270 days.

It sets the stage for potential tariffs, quotas, or other trade measures on wood products, citing concerns about foreign subsidies, domestic industry vulnerability, and the military's dependence on a reliable domestic lumber supply.

What this order does

What it orders

The order directs the Secretary of Commerce to initiate a Section 232 investigation — a formal national-security review authorized by the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 — to determine whether imports of timber, lumber, and derivative products such as paper, furniture, and cabinetry threaten U.S. national security. The investigation must evaluate domestic production capacity, foreign government subsidies and predatory trade practices, feasibility of expanding domestic capacity, and whether additional measures like tariffs or quotas are needed. The Secretary of Commerce must consult with the Secretary of Defense and other relevant agency heads throughout the process.

Within 270 days of signing, the Secretary must deliver a report to the President with findings, recommendations for mitigating any national-security threats, and policy recommendations on supply-chain investments and permitting reforms. The order does not itself impose any tariff, quota, or trade restriction; those would require separate executive action after the investigation concludes.

Who it affects

Domestic timber and lumber producers, wood-product manufacturers, the U.S. military (which spends over $10 billion annually on construction), civilian construction industries, and foreign exporters of wood products to the U.S. market — particularly those whose governments provide subsidies.

Why it matters

If the investigation concludes that imports threaten national security, it could trigger tariffs or import quotas on lumber and wood products. That would affect home construction costs, military procurement, furniture pricing, and the competitiveness of foreign suppliers — particularly large exporting countries — in the U.S. market.

What must happen and when

How the order is supposed to work

The Secretary of Commerce leads the investigation, consulting the Secretary of Defense and other agency heads as needed. The process follows the Section 232 statutory framework, which requires assessing specific factors spelled out in 19 U.S.C. 1862(d). The 270-day deadline is hard; the report must include findings, mitigation recommendations, and supply-chain policy options. Any actual tariff, quota, or other remedy would require a separate presidential action after the report is submitted and reviewed.

Actions and deadlines

  • Initiate a Section 232 investigation into the national-security effects of timber, lumber, and derivative product importsNo deadline specified
  • Consult with the Secretary of Defense and heads of other relevant agencies to evaluate national-security risks from wood product importsNo deadline specified
  • Submit a report to the President with findings, mitigation recommendations, and supply-chain policy recommendationsWithin 270 days of signing

Agencies directed to act

Department of CommerceDepartment of Defense

Authority and reach

Authorities cited

Article II

Constitutional grant of executive power to the President.

Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962

Authorizes the President to restrict imports that threaten national security, after a Commerce Department investigation.

Executive Order

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Executive Order 14223: Addressing the Threat to National Security From Imports of Timber, Lumber, and Their Derivative Products | EO Reporter