Executive Order 14261 · Signed Apr 8, 2025

90 FR 15517 · Published Apr 14, 2025 · Effective on signing

Newsworthy
Share

Reinvigorating America's Beautiful Clean Coal Industry and Amending Executive Order 14241

energy policycoal miningfederal landsderegulationartificial intelligence infrastructure

Signed by President Donald Trump

The order designates coal as a national energy security priority, immediately grants it the status of a 'mineral' under an earlier order unlocking emergency production authorities, and directs more than a dozen federal agencies to remove regulatory barriers to coal mining, exports, and investment.

It formally ends the Obama-era Jewell Moratorium on new federal coal leases and requires agencies to eliminate any policies that discourage coal production, coal-fired electricity generation, or coal financing — a sweeping reversal of the prior administration's energy transition agenda.

What this order does

What it orders

The order directs the Chair of the National Energy Dominance Council (NEDC) to immediately designate coal as a "mineral" under EO 14241, entitling it to emergency production authorities under that order. It directs the Secretary of the Interior to publish a Federal Register notice terminating the Jewell Moratorium's associated Environmental Impact Statement, effectively reopening federal lands to new coal leasing. It also amends a statutory citation in EO 14241. Multiple agencies are directed to identify and then revise or rescind all guidance, regulations, and policies that seek to transition the nation away from coal, including financing-related preferences at institutions such as the Export-Import Bank and the International Development Finance Corporation. Agencies are also directed to identify categorical exclusions under the National Environmental Policy Act to speed coal approvals, assess coal's suitability as a critical material for steel, promote coal exports internationally, and study the potential for coal-powered infrastructure to support AI data centers.

The order requires implementation "consistent with applicable law" and includes a standard provision that it creates no enforceable legal rights for private parties. Actual regulatory changes require future agency rulemaking, and the coal leasing program restart depends on administrative steps the order initiates but does not complete by itself.

Who it affects

Coal mining companies and their workers, federal coal lessees seeking royalty rate reductions, energy developers on federal lands, AI data center operators, U.S. export financiers and multilateral development institutions, allied countries that import U.S. coal, and communities near federal coal-bearing lands in the Interior West and Appalachia.

Why it matters

Coal companies can immediately access emergency production authorities previously reserved for minerals, and new federal coal leases — blocked since 2016 — become available again. Energy developers face fewer environmental review hurdles, while federal financing agencies must strip anti-coal preferences from their programs, directly affecting what energy projects the U.S. government will fund abroad.

What must happen and when

How the order is supposed to work

The order works in overlapping waves. The NEDC Chair's mineral designation is immediate. Within 30 days, agencies catalog anti-coal regulations and policies and identify potential categorical exclusions; within 60 days they must consider rescinding those policies and submit a consolidated federal-lands coal resource report. A 90-day action plan on coal technology follows. Interior is directed to prioritize coal leasing and process royalty reduction applications expeditiously. The Secretary of Commerce leads export promotion in consultation with State and USTR. Reports flow through the NEDC Chair or the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy rather than to Congress.

Actions and deadlines

  • NEDC Chair designates coal as a 'mineral' under EO 14241, granting coal all associated emergency production benefitsNo deadline specified
  • Secretary of the Interior publishes Federal Register notice terminating the Jewell Moratorium Environmental Impact StatementNo deadline specified
  • Secretary of the Interior processes royalty rate reduction applications from federal coal lessees as expeditiously as permitted by lawNo deadline specified
  • EPA, DOT, DOI, DOE, DOL, and Treasury identify guidance, regulations, and policies seeking to transition the nation away from coalWithin 30 days of signing
  • Secretary of State, Agriculture, Commerce, Energy, DFC CEO, EXIM Bank President, and other relevant agency heads review charters, regulations, and guidance for anti-coal financing preferences and eliminate them where appropriateWithin 30 days of signing
  • Each agency identifies existing and potential categorical exclusions under NEPA that could expedite coal production and export to the Council on Environmental QualityWithin 30 days of signing
  • Secretary of the Interior, Secretary of Agriculture, and Secretary of Energy submit a consolidated report on federal coal resources, impediments to mining, and proposed remedies to the PresidentWithin 60 days of signing
  • Heads of all relevant agencies consider revising or rescinding Federal actions identified in the 30-day anti-coal regulatory reviewWithin 60 days of signing
  • Secretary of the Interior, Commerce, and Energy submit a report identifying regions for coal-powered AI data center infrastructure and assessing expansion potential to the NEDC ChairWithin 60 days of signing
  • Secretary of Energy determines whether coal used in steel production qualifies as a 'critical material' and, if so, adds it to the DOE Critical Materials ListNo deadline specified
  • Secretary of the Interior determines whether metallurgical coal qualifies as a 'critical mineral' and, if so, adds it to the DOI Critical Minerals ListNo deadline specified
  • Secretary of Energy submits a detailed action plan on coal technology funding mechanisms, programs, and policy actions to the President through the NEDC ChairWithin 90 days of signing

Agencies directed to act

National Energy Dominance CouncilDepartment of the InteriorDepartment of AgricultureDepartment of EnergyEnvironmental Protection AgencyDepartment of TransportationDepartment of LaborDepartment of the TreasuryDepartment of StateDepartment of CommerceInternational Development Finance CorporationExport-Import Bank of the United StatesCouncil on Environmental QualityOffice of the United States Trade Representative

Authority and reach

Authorities cited

Article II

Constitutional grant of executive power to the President.

Mineral Leasing Act of 1920

Federal law governing leasing of coal and other minerals on public lands.

Mineral Leasing Act for Acquired Lands of 1947

Extends federal mineral leasing authority to lands the U.S. acquired rather than reserved.

Energy Act of 2020

Law that established federal processes for designating critical materials and minerals.

National Environmental Policy Act

Federal law requiring environmental review of major federal actions; includes categorical exclusion provisions.

What this order changes

Amends Executive Order 14241

Executive Order

Ask GovernmentReporter about this order

Ask anything about what this order does, who it affects, and how it changes policy.

Executive Order 14261: Reinvigorating America's Beautiful Clean Coal Industry and Amending Executive Order 14241 | EO Reporter